Social business model innovation: a quadruple/quintuple helix-based social innovation ecosystemSocial business model innovation: a quadruple/quintuple helix-based social innovation ecosystem Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication Δημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτές 2023-02-022021enFunding Agency: Onassis Foundation Scholarship ProgramSocial innovation is related to new products, services, and models aiming to improve human well-being and create social relationships and collaborations. The business model innovation (BMI) context can foster social innovation and can be applied in social innovation projects and initiatives. What is important for social BMI is the social mission, which needs to be defined in order to be able to move forward with the strategy, the value proposition, and the best practices of the business. Based on the existing social innovation literature and case studies, this paper proposes an “ecosystem” approach that can provide an integrated framework for social business models. This approach adopts the quadruple/quintuple helix innovation models which are able to promote social innovation, enabling a locus-centric and triple-bottom-line-centric entrepreneurial process of knowledge discovery and exploitation. Such a framework may help to study the role, nature, and dynamics of social co-opetitive fractal ecosystems, given emphasis on civil society, political structures, environment, and sustainability. In addition, the social innovation case studies presented in this paper highlight that targeted open innovation is a key element for social BMI.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management681235 - 248 Carayannis, Elias G Grigoroudis Evangelos Γρηγορουδης Ευαγγελος Stamati Dimitra Σταματη Δημητρα Valvi Theodora Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Business model innovation Quadruple/quintuple helix innovation model Social innovation Social innovation ecosystems Targeted open innovation