A PSO optimal power flow (OPF) method for autonomous power systems interconnected with HVDC technologyA PSO optimal power flow (OPF) method for autonomous power systems interconnected with HVDC technology Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication Δημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτές 2022-11-142021enThis work was funded by the research project ‘Software development for the simulation of Power Systems employing DC connections and high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources’, of Technical University of Crete, School of Production Engineering and Management.High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has been the state of the art in power systems’ interconnections, especially for submarine installations. Multi-terminal HVDC networks and furthermore mixed AC–DC networks demand new operational modes. Techniques can be employed for the optimal operation of the whole interconnected system. In this article, an optimal power flow (OPF) technique is proposed for the steady state operation of such systems, which could be very useful in planning or scheduling of AC–DC networks. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method has been employed to minimize the operational cost of the system. This cost includes fuel cost and investment for new transmission lines, while power losses are limited. This method-technique had been tested on real power AC power systems that are planned to be interconnected with HVDC systems. A detailed model of the simulated system was developed, and specific operational scenarios were examined.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Electric Power Components and Systems491-267–78 Syllignakis Ioannis Συλλιγνακης Ιωαννης Kanellos Fotios Κανελλος Φωτιος Taylor & Francis Power systems analysis Power system optimization HVDC lines Wind power penetration Power system planning