Predicting global patterns of long-term climate change from short-term simulations using machine learningPredicting global patterns of long-term climate change from short-term simulations using machine learning Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication Δημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτές 2021-04-202020enSupplementary information: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41612-020-00148-5/MediaObjects/41612_2020_148_MOESM1_ESM.pdfUnderstanding and estimating regional climate change under different anthropogenic emission scenarios is pivotal for informing societal adaptation and mitigation measures. However, the high computational complexity of state-of-the-art climate models remains a central bottleneck in this endeavour. Here we introduce a machine learning approach, which utilises a unique dataset of existing climate model simulations to learn relationships between short-term and long-term temperature responses to different climate forcing scenarios. This approach not only has the potential to accelerate climate change projections by reducing the costs of scenario computations, but also helps uncover early indicators of modelled long-term climate responses, which is of relevance to climate change detection, predictability, and attribution. Our results highlight challenges and opportunities for data-driven climate modelling, especially concerning the incorporation of even larger model datasets in the future. We therefore encourage extensive data sharing among research institutes to build ever more powerful climate response emulators, and thus to enable faster climate change projections.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/npj Climate and Atmospheric Science31Mansfield_et_al._supplementary information.pdfMansfield_et_al._npj Clim. Atmos. Sci._3(1)_2020.pdfChania [Greece]Library of TUC2021-04-20Chania [Greece]Library of TUC2021-04-20application/pdfapplication/pdf8.4 MB1.7 MBfreefreeMansfield_et_al._supplementary information.pdfMansfield_et_al._npj Clim. Atmos. Sci._3(1)_2020.pdfChania [Greece]Library of TUC2021-04-20Chania [Greece]Library of TUC2021-04-20application/pdfapplication/pdf8.4 MB1.7 MBfreefree Mansfield Laura Nowack Peer Kasoar Matthew Everitt Richard Collins William Voulgarakis Apostolos Βουλγαρακης Αποστολος Springer Nature Atmospheric science Climate change Climate-change impacts Climate-change mitigation Projection and prediction