A glowworm swarm optimization algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demandsA glowworm swarm optimization algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication Δημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτές 2018-10-192016enThe Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm is a relatively new swarm intelligence algorithm that simulates the movement of the glowworms in a swarm based on the distance between them and on a luminescent quantity called luciferin. This algorithm has been proven very efficient in the problems that has been applied. However, there is no application of this algorithm, at least to our knowledge, in routing type problems. In this paper, this nature inspired algorithm is used in a hybrid scheme (denoted as Combinatorial Neighborhood Topology Glowworm Swarm Optimization (CNTGSO)) with other metaheuristic algorithms (Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm and Path Relinking (PR) algorithm) for successfully solving the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands. The major challenge is to prove that the proposed algorithm could efficiently be applied in a difficult combinatorial optimization problem as most of the applications of the GSO algorithm concern solutions of continuous optimization problems. Thus, two different solution vectors are used, the one in the continuous space (which is updated as in the classic GSO algorithm) and the other in the discrete space and it represents the path representation of the route and is updated using Combinatorial Neighborhood Topology technique. A migration (restart) phase is, also, applied in order to replace not promising solutions and to exchange information between solutions that are in different places in the solution space. Finally, a VNS strategy is used in order to improve each glowworm separately. The algorithm is tested in two problems, the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands in a number of sets of benchmark instances giving competitive and in some instances better results compared to other algorithms from the literature. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Expert Systems with Applications46145-163 Marinaki Magdalini Μαρινακη Μαγδαληνη Marinakis Ioannis Μαρινακης Ιωαννης Elsevier Combinatorial Neighborhood Topology Glowworm Swarm Optimization Path relinking Variable Neighborhood Search Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands