Performance analysis, middleware and hardware for bistatic, ultra-low power scatter radio networksPerformance analysis, middleware and hardware for bistatic, ultra-low power scatter radio networks Μεταπτυχιακή Διατριβή Master Thesis 2016-08-222016enFor environmental sensing applications that require dense deployments, scatter ra- dio is a promising communication scheme; since modulation is achieved by means of reflection, ultra low-cost and ultra-power RF front-ends are possible. However, scatter radio utilization in sensor networks has been limited, since commercial scatter radio applications, like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), are limited to ranges of a few meters. This work compares the two most prominent scatter radio architec- tures, namely the monostatic and the bistatic, exploiting both communication and microwave theory basics. The comparison metrics include the bit error rate (BER) under maximum-likelihood detection for the single-user case and the outage proba- bility for the multi-user (network) case. Exact BER and tight, tag/sensor-topology independent outage probability bounds based on the Jensen inequality are derived for Rayleigh fading, in both monostatic and bistatic scatter radio networks/architectures. It is shown that the bistatic architecture improves field coverage and system reliability, compared to monostatic, for scatter wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Based on this observation, a complete, low-cost, embedded, digital, bistatic scatter radio sensor network, perhaps the first of its kind, using frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation and frequency division multiplexing (FDM), along with randomized time division mul- tiplexing (TDM), is implemented and demonstrated. This work is perhaps a concrete step towards ultra-large scale, scatter radio sensor networks and relevant low-cost environmental monitoring applications. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης::Σχολή Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Μηχανικών ΥπολογιστώνTountas_Konstantinos_MSc_2016.pdfChania [Greece]Library of TUC2016-08-22application/pdf10.7 MBfree Tountas Konstantinos Τουντας Κωνσταντινος Bletsas Aggelos Μπλετσας Αγγελος Karystinos Georgios Καρυστινος Γεωργιος Deligiannakis Antonios Δεληγιαννακης Αντωνιος Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης Technical University of Crete Wireless communications