A bilevel particle swarm optimization algorithm for supply chain management problemsA bilevel particle swarm optimization algorithm for supply chain management problems Περίληψη Δημοσίευσης σε Συνέδριο Conference Paper Abstract 2015-10-282013enNature inspired methods are approaches that are used in various fields and for the solution for a number of problems. In this study, a new bilevel particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for solving two well known supply chain management problems, the Vehicle Routing Problem and the Location Routing Problem. The results of the algorithms are compared with the results of algorithms that solve these problems with a single objective function and with a bilevel genetic algorithm. As most of the decisions in Supply Chain Management are taken in different levels, the study presented in this paper has two main goals. The first one is to give to the decision maker the possibility to formulate the supply chain management problems as bilevel or multilevel problems and the second one is to propose an efficient nature inspired algorithm that solves this kind of problems.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/69-93Metaheuristics for Bi-level Optimization, Studies in Computational Intelligence Marinakis Ioannis Μαρινακης Ιωαννης Marinaki Magdalini Μαρινακη Μαγδαληνη Springer Verlag