Groundwater management using numerical simulation and the outer approximation method for global optimizationGroundwater management using numerical simulation and the outer approximation method for global optimization Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication Δημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτές 2015-10-231993enGroundwater quantity management problems with fixed charges have been formulated in the past as mixed integer and linear programming problems. In this paper a new methodology is presented where the fixed charges are incorporated into the objective function in an exponential form and the problem is solved as a concave minimization problem. The principal difficulty in the minimization of a concave function over a linear or nonlinear set of constraints is that the local minima which are determined by the classical minimization algorithms may not be global. In an effort to circumvent this problem the outer approximation method is introduced. This method is applicable to the global minimization of a concave function over a compact set of constraints. In the present work the outer approximation is applied to concave minimization problems over a convex compact set of constraints. Two applications of the method to groundwater management problems are presented herein, and the results are compared with an existing solution obtained using a different optimization approach.Δημοσίευση σε επιστημονικό περιοδικό http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Water Resources Research10293371–3378 Karatzas Giorgos Καρατζας Γιωργος Pinder George F. Groundwater quantity management constraints convex compact set