Optimal frequency support method for urban microgrids of building prosumersOptimal frequency support method for urban microgrids of building prosumers Peer-Reviewed Journal Publication Δημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτές 2025-03-052023enHigh penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) is raising a number of technical challenges for the sustainable and reliable operation of electric power systems. To this end, the need for ancillary services provided by the building sector to the electric power system is becoming particularly significant; with frequency support being one among them. Urban microgrids and especially those of them hosting building prosumers will have a key role in frequency support as they comprise flexible components that can be exploited to this end. In this paper, detailed models for the accurate simulation of frequency support mode of operation are developed. Frequency support in microgrids of buildings is enhanced by properly utilizing the flexibility of building prosumers. Frequency is also controlled by optimally regulating building local generation units and their adjustable electrical loads in a flexibility-based way and taking into consideration gas emission limitation. Emphasis is placed on the enhancement of the computational efficiency of the proposed support method by suitably exploiting smart power dispatch techniques. The developed method is validated through the simulation of a realistic complex urban microgrid.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Sustainable Cities and Society98 Kyriakou Dimitra Κυριακου Δημητρα Kanellos Fotios Κανελλος Φωτιος Elsevier Urban microgrids Building prosumers Frequency support Sustainability Flexibility Optimization Demand response Power management Power dispatch