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Statistical analysis of gaseous pollutants in the wider Athens area for the period 2001-2021. Effect of anti-pandemic measures

Eleftheriou Artemios

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Summary

The quality of atmospheric air is a matter of intense concern within the scientific community. Atmospheric pollution has implications in various sectors such as climate change, global warming, biodiversity, flora and fauna, the economy and public health. In urban areas, human activities contribute significantly to the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere, as these areas concentrate most anthropogenic sources of pollution, including industries, crafts, vehicles, central heating systems, etc. A typical example of this is the broader area of Athens and Piraeus. The progression of air pollution in the Attica Basin is monitored through a network of stations belonging to the National Network for Monitoring Atmospheric Pollution of the Ministry of Environment and Energy (YPEN). The aim of this study is to examine the long-term evolution of gaseous pollutants in the wider Athens area during the period 2001-2021 and the impact of pandemic-related measures on the levels of measured pollutants. For the realization of this study, the entire set of hourly measurements of gas of three stations pollutants for the period 2001-2021, as well as the values of meteorological parameters for the triennium 2019-2021, were collected. The chronological variation of pollutants was studied at three stations of the National Network for Monitoring Atmospheric Pollution (Athens Station, Patission Station, and Piraeus Station) for nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) over the two decades. Possible correlations between the annual average values of gas pollutants of three stations were investigated, and models were found to relate the pollutants to each other. Daily pollutant values for the period 11/3 - 3/5 for the years 2019-2021 were examined, and differences in gas pollutant values due to restrictive measures in 2020 during the pandemic were explored. Using statistical packages, predictions of the values of the studied pollutants (based on three different models) for the next 2 years were sought. Finally, the evolution of meteorological parameters for the triennium 2019-2021 was studied, and the correlation between O3 values and solar radiation values was investigated.

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