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Monitoring and performance evaluation of pilot vertical sunsurfae flow constructed wetlands treating olive mill wastewater

Athanasiadou Eirini

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Summary

In this thesis, the construction of two pilot units of artificial vertical flow wetlands as well as the experimental analysis of the inflows and outflows resulting from them, with the aim of reducing the organic load, nutrients and other pollutants from oil mill liquid waste. The pilot wetlands were placed at the Technical University of Crete and more specifically in the surrounding area of the greenhouse of the Chemical and Environmental Engineering school. The tanks are planted with common reed Phragmites australis (P. australis). The first tank was filled exclusively with expanded clay aggregate (leca), which will be depicted as L. The second is a combination of leca, biochar and recycled plastic (HDPE) and is depicted as LPB.The wastewater came from a three-phase oil mill in the area of Perivolia (Chania), from the phase of simple channeling into a closed tank (without evaporation) of all the liquid fraction produced.After the reeds were planted, the pilot plants were charged with the treated effluent of other artificial wetland systems that treated effluent from the Chania Wastewater Treatment. This process was followed for about a month to help the reeds grow. Then, diluted (1:4) olive mill wastewater was used as influent to the units for 1 month (March) and dilution (1:8) was applied until the end of the experiment.Sampling of the inflow and outflows of the units and corresponding physicochemical analyzes were performed on a weekly basis. In particular, the measurements concerned the determination of pH, conductivity (EC), BOD5, COD, colour (TCU), NO3-N, NH4-N, TN, PO4-P, TP, total phenols and TSS.The conclusions obtained from the monitoring of the units for this period serve to evaluate the design and the effectiveness of the treatment. For unit L, 67.4±16.3%, 85.2±15.0%, 74.0±17.0%, 81.2±18.1, 83.9±19.4, 51.7±24.1, 83.4±8.6%, 71.3±10.6% removals were achieved for COD, BOD5, TN, TP, PO4-P, TCU, total phenols, TSS respectively. For the LPB unit, 68.6±18.3%, 84.8±15.8%, 71.1±19.5%, 78.2±19.0, 87.5±14.9, 36.3±31.0, 84.1±7.6%, 71.3±17.1% were achieved for COD, BOD5, TN, TP, PO4-P, TCU, total phenols, TSS respectively. As for NH4-N and NO3-N, were almost undetectable. The hydraulic conductivity shows a slight increase and the pH changes from acidic to alkaline. The main conclusion reached is that leca, as a substrate material, is an effective alternative and constructed wetlands can be used to solve the disposal problem of oil mill wastewater.

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