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Ανάλυση των μετάλλων της Ομάδας της Πλατίνας (PGE) και οι επιπτώσεις στην υγεία του ανθρώπου και στο περιβάλλον

Gkioni Anna

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Summary

The aim of this work is to review the methods of determination of the metals of the Platinum Group (Platinum Group Metals, Platinum Group Elements) or PGE, and their effects on human health and the environment. In the first chapter, all the metals of the PGE group are analyzed, referring both their history and their properties. Through the analysis of these elements, it is also discussed about their uses from their first appearance until today. In the next chapter, the elements of the platinum group in the environment are mentioned, thus studying their appearance in the soil, in vegetation, in rivers, in various coastal waters, but also in oceans. Then, comparisons are made between various samplings and locations, according to studies that have been done over the years, the results of which are listed with concentrations of these metals for each sample and location. In the third chapter, the consequences of platinum group metals are analyzed, both on human health and on the environment, making rainwater the most important factor in the transport of these metals to the environment. Thus, the effects on human health are analyzed, considering the platinum element as a metal with quite a potential toxic effect. In the last chapter, reference is made to techniques for the separation and detection of PGE elements in various environmental samples. Noting that the risk of contamination through these samples is low, due to the extremely small amount of these elements in the samples. The platinum group element determination methods that will be mentioned are: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductive Beam Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAES) , Electric Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS or ET-ASS), Voltammetry, Chemiluminescence and finally Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). In all the above methods, the working principle of the method and the obstacles that these techniques often have are further analyzed along with their advantages and disadvantages.

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