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Modeling of trigeneration system in buildings

Manelas Dimitrios

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Summary

It is a fact that the energy demand for cooling, heating and electricity has been steadily increasing over the years. In particular, rapid development in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors have contributed to the growth in energy consumption. This constantly-increasing energy demand has led to a significant reduction in fuel reserves. Continuing at this rate would result in a depletion of fuel sources. Additionally, this irrational extensive use has also an impact on greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Consequently, it is an imperative need to adopt more efficient and environmentally friendly ways of using energy sources. In an attempt to overcome this upcoming problem, trigeneration may be a solution.In this framework, an integrated trigeneration system for residential use is proposed and examined under different operating scenarios. To this end, a comprehensive investigation of the trigeneration concept is presented. Trigeneration or CCHP (Combined Cooling, Heating, Power) is the term referring to systems that can simultaneously produce and provide cooling, heating and electricity from a single source. In conventional systems, such as those currently in use, most of the energy provided by the fuel (approximately 60 to 70 percent) is converted to heat and dissipated into the environment. A portion of the heat released as a by-product of power generation is recovered and used for heating and cooling applications through the trigeneration system. Considering building’s thermal loads and other operational parameters, a proper selection of the prime mover, refrigeration system and other components assembling the CCHP system is achieved. Hence, Stirling engine and absorption chiller have been selected for the proposed system. An extensive analysis of these components is performed. Building thermal loads modelling is also carried out. In this way, realistic data representing typical building loads were extracted and used to verify the proper operation of the system. PSO algorithm was used with the purpose of minimizing the operating cost of the grid-connected CCHP system. This algorithm determines system’s operational behavior and finds the optimum operation profile, considering several constraints such as the grid electricity price and the demand of the building loads. All the developed models comprising the CCHP system are verified through the simulation of realistic case studies. Hence, results are extracted and discussed for different operating scenarios over a 24-hour period.

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