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Modelling the hydrology of the catchment area of the Karst Springs of Argyroupoli

Lymperakis Ioannis

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Summary

The study area of this thesis concerns the Potamon dam in the region of Amari and the karst springs of Argyroupoli, a small town in the province of Rethymno. The above areas belong to the geographical area of Crete and administratively fall under the Regional Unit of Rethymno. The semi-distributed Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model of the ArcGIS program was used to model the areas. To model the areas, the method of manual calibration was used, following the trial-error process. The basin area modeled is 369.5 km2 and divided into 43 sub-basins and 256 HRUs. After the completion of the process of defining the HRUs, weather data such as the rainfall and temperature measurements of the stations from 1961 to 2021 were entered. For the modeling of the Potamon Dam, the data was divided into two periods, the first one related to the years 1970- 88 while the second in the years 1989-97. With the first period, the model was calibrated and with the second, it was verified, while the evaluation of their predictive ability and validity was achieved by creating graphs and calculating the statistical indices NSE, RMSE, RSR and PBIAS. Then the results of the simulation were evaluated according to the reservoir field data provided by O.A.D.Y.K. and concerned reservoir level and volume measurements for the period 05/2008 to 01/2010. It was also calculated that the supply of the Potamon Dam varies between 5 million cubic meters and 45 million cubic meters per year, while the average flow was calculated at 23 million cubic meters. For the reservoir, the failure rate was calculated at 24%, based on the withdrawal supply had been taken during the dam design of 15 million cubic meters. A rate that does not show satisfactory accuracy, as 10 of the 41 model years do not cover the design supply. For the modeling of the Springs of Argyroupoli, the karst model was used according to which the average benefits of the model were calculated and it was successfully evaluated according to the results of the statistical indicators. From the modeling of the sources of Argyroupoli, it was calculated for the years 1983 to 2005, the average annual supply of 9.8 million cubic meters, with the values of dry years varying between 6 million cubic meters and 9 million cubic meters per year, while the values for wet years to be between 10 million cubic meters and 15 million cubic meters per year respectively. In the existing agreement for the disposal of the spring water, the amount of 7 million cubic meters per year was taken as an average supply, and based on this the failure rate of only 15% was calculated. A percentage that indicates a satisfactory accuracy, as only in 8 out of 52 years there will be a need for a proportional reduction in the supply to users be created.

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