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Παραγωγή κεραμικών από συν-αξιοποίηση αποβλήτων εκσκαφών κατασκευών και κατεδαφίσεων και βιομάζας

Manioudaki Eirini

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Summary

In the present thesis agricultural residues and wastes from constructions and demolitions (C&D) have been used for the production of ceramics. Valorization of wastes is an environmental priority of high importance. The agricultural residues used were peanut shells, which were added in two forms, as such and after pyrolysis at 400 oC. The addition of 5 wt.% and 15 wt.% of agricultural residues (raw and pyrolyzed) of the mass of brick (C&D) was studied. In addition, the use of different percentages (5% and 10%) of silica sand on the properties of the produced ceramics has also studied.All samples were uniaxially pressed at 10 MPa, dried at 110 oC and then fired for two hours between 900 oC and 1100 oC, with a heating rate of 3 oC/min. The compressive strength was measured using a MTS 815 machine. Porosity, bulk density and water absorption were determined by the Archimedes principle.Ceramics with sufficient mechanical and physical properties have been developed. In particular, at a firing temperature of 1100 oC, the highest strength was observed. More specifically, ceramics produced from brick obtained compressive strength value of 12,5 MPa, while after the addition of peanut shell (without pyrolysis), at a rate of 5 wt.% the compressive strength increased up to 16 MPa. Furthermore, with the addition of 10% silica sand and peanut shells a higher value of compressive strength of 18,1 MPa was achieved.Furthermore, the ceramics produced from brick and peanut shells (as such and after pyrolysis) exhibited high porosity ranging between 12,8%-44%. The addition of silica sand also resulted in high porosity between 12,8%-73,5%.Ceramics were classified using European and American standards, in order to determine their possible uses as final products in various sectors on the construction and building industry (for the production of bricks, roof and floor tiles) as well as filter for environmental applications.Finally, the main objective of this work is to evaluate new compositions that improve the performance of ceramic bricks in order to obtain new products with high added value or with significantly lower environmental impact.

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