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Applications of distributed inference in ambiently powered wireless sensor networks

Perakis Georgios

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Summary

This thesis contains applications utilizing wireless sensor networks powered solely by the environment, using small, credit card-sized solar panels.The network contains a number of inexpensive terminals with transmissionpower of 10.4 dBm and token-ring medium access, capable of distributedin-network inference. An outdoor demonstration using loopy belief propagation and two indoor demonstrations using average consensus were developed and deployed, with this wireless network. The indoor demonstration includes two different versions; a centralised version focusing on robustness and a distributed counterpart focusing on available range. The indoor demonstrations calculate the average temperature in a closed space andthe outdoor demonstration measures and estimates the soil moisture on anagricultural field; specific provisions are given so that soil moisture is estimated in locations where the sensors are broken or simply not reporting dueto power outage. Distributed measurements and estimation for the outdoordemo required approximately 6 minutes of message passing between ambiently powered nodes; for the indoor demo, that time was approximately 3minutes. It was found that distributed in-network inference with resourceconstrained, ambiently-powered wireless terminals is possible, at the ex-pense of increased overall delay. In addition, it was found that distributedoperation demands robust time synchronization among the terminals. Fu-ture work will focus on distributed time synchronization and other mediumaccess control schemes for resource-constrained WSNs.

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