This MSc Thesis, conducted at the School of Production Engineering & Management, Technical University of Crete, deals with the airfoils used for the design and construction of wind turbine blades. The Thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter is an introduction and a background section, concerning the necessity of renewables in the future of energy production, worldwide. The second chapter describes the various categories of wind turbines that are used today for energy production. The third chapter is the main chapter of this Thesis and contains the various airfoil families that have been developed in the last decades especially for the design and construction of wind turbine blades. Moreover, the specific characteristics of such airfoils are discussed.