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Cartographic symbols for topographic designs of large buildings

Alexiou Nikolaos

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Summary

Today, the surveyor has at his disposal complete digital geodetic stations, which can measure with great accuracy directions and short or long distances, with or without reflector, with automatic or non-target recognition, as well as robotic, iconic geodetic, spatial iconic, geodetic geodetic stations, which combine and cooperate with satellite tracking systems, as well as scanning surface instruments. A map can be useful when it is easily understood by any person regardless of language. To display information on a map we use symbols and colors. Each map has a memo that depicts the symbols where next to them is their interpretation.The object of this work is the study of topographic symbols of large buildings. The work is structured in four chapters.The first chapter presents general concepts of maps, topography, provides a historical background as well as a reference to how a map is created. In the second chapter we refer to the meaning of the symbols as the symbols that are used today are also listed with images.The third chapter refers to the scale of maps, geodesy, reference systems and the concept of topography. In the fourth, reference is made to the Geographic Information Systems as well as to the Spatial data, images from the GIS program are also presented and the symbols of the maps created by the specific tool are analyzed.The fifth chapter refers to the Autocad program which is used for the design of topographic maps as well as the most common design commands. In the sixth and penultimate chapter, examples of topographic plans are given and their commentary is made.

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