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Techniques of chemical fingerprint in the identification of petroleum pollutants in the environment

Zoumadaki Maria-Eleni

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Summary

Leaks from oil production facilities, the procedure of transport as well as the numerous human activities having as common source of energy the oil, are the main reasons of environmental pollution with petroleum products.The activities mentioned above cause serious consequences in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, immediately or overtime. The oil fingerprinting forensics were developed in order to identify the source of oil pollutants, the age of pollution, the route of expansion as well as the alterations that take place.This paper presents the processes to which oil is subject after leakage such as evaporation, biodegradation and dissolution, the factors that affect these processes and how the various petroleum products behave in them. They are also being presented main methods used for the oil fingerprinting investigation such as gas chromatography and the ultraviolet or infrared spectroscopy.In addition, the experimental part of the work includes the analysis of three groups of samples (two groups of liquid samples and one group of solids) with Gas Chromatography in and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the components of the samples, the findings of the samples leakage based on the ratios of the normal alkanes heptadecane, octadecane with isoprenoids, pristane, phytane correspondingly, as well as the findings of the degree of evaporation and dissolution.

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