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Characterization and origin of two Fe-rich bentonites from Westerwald (Germany)

Fontaine François, Christidis Georgios, Yans Johan, Hollanders Sofie, Hoffman Andreas, Fagel Nathalie

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URIhttp://purl.tuc.gr/dl/dias/0027E94C-6611-47A4-A2D4-4B281089C263-
Identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105444-
Identifierhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169131720300090?via%3Dihub#!-
Languageen-
Extent15 pagesen
TitleCharacterization and origin of two Fe-rich bentonites from Westerwald (Germany)en
CreatorFontaine Françoisen
CreatorChristidis Georgiosen
CreatorΧρηστιδης Γεωργιοςel
CreatorYans Johanen
CreatorHollanders Sofieen
CreatorHoffman Andreasen
CreatorFagel Nathalieen
PublisherElsevieren
Content SummaryThe Westerwald region is one of the major ceramic clay mining areas of Germany. The mined clays were deposited on the weathered Rhenish massif during Eocene and Oligocene and were protected from erosion by a large alkaline basalt cover. Two Fe-rich bentonite layers exposed in quarries of the Eastern part of the Westerwald were investigated with X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, chemical analyses and cation exchange capacity (CEC). In both bentonite layers, the main mineral is a high-charge Fe-rich beidellite containing exchangeable Ca and Mg. Even if they both derive from mafic volcanic rocks, the difference in accessory minerals and trace element content leads to the conclusion that they have a different precursor. The lower bentonite layer also contains talc, saponite, halloysite, goethite and anatase. It is part of the Paleozoic bedrock and results from the weathering of a Lower Carboniferous metabasalt. The upper bentonite layer has Upper Oligocene age and has been derived from the alteration of tuffite with a composition ranging from alkali basalt to trachyte. This bentonite is linked to the first eruptions of the intraplate Cenozoic volcanic activity of the Westerwald.en
Type of ItemPeer-Reviewed Journal Publicationen
Type of ItemΔημοσίευση σε Περιοδικό με Κριτέςel
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
Date of Item2021-09-09-
Date of Publication2020-
SubjectWesterwalden
SubjectBentoniteen
SubjectGenesisen
SubjectGeochemistryen
SubjectFe-rich smectiteen
SubjectAnataseen
Bibliographic CitationF. Fontaine, G. E. Christidis, J. Yans, S. Hollanders, A. Hoffman, and N. Fagel, “Characterization and origin of two Fe-rich bentonites from Westerwald (Germany),” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 187, Mar. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2020.105444en

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