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Μελέτη φυσικοχημικών ιδιοτήτων δομικών λίθων από ιστορικά λατομικούς χώρους του νομού Χανίων

Chatziantoniou Zafeirios

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Summary

This diploma thesis is a deterministic approach of the influence of geological events upon historical structures. More specifically; it is now common knowledge that quarries which contributed through the exploitation of their reserves to large historical structures of the city of Chania and other structures in the wider area of Akrotiri are the historical; mainly coastal quarries of sandstone/porolithos. The composition of clastic stones is mainly calcareous and more specifically the sandstones can be characterized in terms of their composition as bioclastic calcareous sandstones. In context of the deposition, mobilization and diagenesis of all these materials in a depositional environment that was located either purely in the continental or in the transitional continental-marine zone, the bioclastic sandstones of calcareous composition were created, which in terms of their genesis (wind-based accumulations) and environment of creation (mainly continental) are characterized as aeolianites, known in Greece from hundreds of coastal sites as poros. Aeolianites are limestone clastic rocks of medium granulometry, i.e., sandstones (bioclastic limestones), which through their aeolian origin demonstrate the reworking of large amounts of carbonate sediments, of biogenic origin, creating in continental environments the known to us coastal sand dunes. The solid, calcareous, aeolian grainstone sandstones, which were subsequently created through diagenetic processes from the coastal sand dunes, the aeolianites, differ from the similar in structure and composition grainstone limestones, which have been created in a purely marine environment.For this reason, before listing all the methods used for the processing of these building stones, it was considered necessary in this thesis to list all the factors related to the complex geological processes of the creation of these special, in many respects, building blocks; the aeolianites.Then the physicochemical properties of samples from a new historically quarry site were determined: from the spatially expanded quarry area on the outer side of the Chania harbor jetty. Out of total six (6) bulk samples of the study, two (2) were collected on the east side of the Venetian harbor jetty (near Neorio Moro) and four (4) on its west side (in front of the Bastion of Agios Nikolaos Molos). In these samples, the uniaxial compressive strength of specimens produced from the original samples was initially determined. At the same time the average modulus of the specimens was determined and the values of maximum axial compressive stresses of each one was conversed to a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio of length/diameter.In addition to the above the porosity and Klinkenberg permeability of the samples was determined. The specimens produced at this stage served both laboratory methods. Porosity was determined with Boyle type porosimeter, while permeability with a Hassler permeability meter.Thin sections and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the structure and mineralogical composition of these samples. In addition to these samples, thin sections of Neoria samples were examined to compare them with the six (6) main stone samples.Finally; all results of the samples taken from the historic quarry in front of the harbor jetty were compared with results of previous relevant studies of samples which possibly originated from the historical quarries of the areas of Stavros Akrotiri and Agioi Apostoloi, on the coastal front of the city of Chania.

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