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Comparative geochemical study of potential source rock formations in Greece

Sianni Maria-Eleni

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Summary

Hydrocarbon exploration (oil and gas exploration) aims at the search of newdeposits of hydrocarbons. In addition to geological and geophysical studies,geochemical research is necessary for the exploitation of deposits, which providesparticularly important information on the quantity and quality of organic matter, its thermal maturity and the conditions of its deposition in sediments. In the diploma thesis, the potential of oil production in two regions of Greece isstudied. Specifically, the potential of Neogene formations in the “Plouti” area ofHeraklion, Crete, which belongs to the lithographic unit “Hellenicon” and the oilpotential of the Lower Cretaceous formations on the island of “Kastos” of the Ionian Sea.Initially, through the Rock-Eval analysis, seventeen surface samples were analyzed for each study area, in order to characterize the quantity and quality of the organic matter of the rock formations. Then, according to the results obtained, four samples from each region were selected for further analysis with Soxhlet extraction. This was followed by asphaltene removal of the extract and then separation by the Liquid Chromatography method into three separate fractions. Then, the fraction of the saturated components collected was analyzed by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). According to the results, geochemical indicators (biomarkers) were calculated in order to determine the deposition conditions and the thermal maturity of the organic matter contained in the samples.Finally, the results of the geochemical analyses in combination with the geologicalconditions of each region, led to the conclusion that these are samples with limited petroleum potential, thermally immature organic matter and reducing deposition environment for both areas. However, the samples of the “Plouti” consist of siltstones and claystones with terrestrial to lacustrine environment with marine contribution, while the samples of the island “Kastos” consist of carbonate source rocks, limestones and shales, with marine organic matter with limited terrestrial contribution.

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