M. Nikolopoulou and N. Kalogerakis, "Petroleum spill control with biological means," in Comprehensive Biotechnology, Murray Moo-Young, Ed., Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 263-274. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00392-5
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00392-5
Bioremediation is emerging as the best strategy for combating oil spills following first response actions. Stimulation of indigenous degraders with suitable nutrients and augmentation with oil-degrading bacteria can significantly enhance bioremediation rates of polluted marine environments with petroleum hydrocarbons. In this review, we are focusing on the conditions under which bioremediation leads to increased effectiveness and novel combined bioaugmentation/biostimulation strategies are suggested for the successful remediation of polluted marine environments.