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Electric power demand estimation of plug-in electric vehicles

Palialexis Konstantinos

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Summary

In recent years there has been a rapid increase in sales of electric carsaround the world. This is mainly due to the environmental benefits ofelectrified transportation. At low penetration rates, electric cars do notconstitute a load capable of causing problems in the country-wide electricpower system. However, as their use becomes more widespread, theiruncontrolled charging can lead to system overloading or inability to meetenergy demands, while at the same time it can be a flexible load, which canhelp the system at the necessary time periods.In this work we use real driver behavior data to model not only the chargingneeds of their vehicles during the day but also the ability to supply energy aslong as they are parked and the energy they have stored is sufficient. Wepropose a modeling method for calculating the load of a large number ofelectric cars in a short run time. Also, time series of the daily price ofelectricity in Greece are used as well as the corresponding daily load in orderto approach the effects that the penetration scenarios will have on thesystem but also on the price of electricity and how they would respond toelectricity price variations.We study three different penetration scenarios of plug-in electric vehicles.The charging techniques applied are simple direct charging and smartcharging, with or without the ability to supply energy to the system. Finally,the obtained results are compared and general conclusions are drawn.

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