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Study of smart distribution grids with increased penetration of distributed generation

Kalogridis Stylianos

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Summary

In this Diploma Thesis we present a complete study for the design and the optimization of a techno-economically competitive technology, for a Hybrid Power Station with a high-RES fraction character. The project is based on the reality of non-guaranteed base production units and is applied to an energy microgrid in Gavdos island. That is, south of Crete, with the size of 535MWh (peak 130kW, 2019 data), not interconnected to the mainland Greek energy network. There is also great consideration involving the sensitive social and cultural impacts on the island's inhabitants, as well as the environmental protection of a famous natural landscape. For this study, the island load is sized as 749MWh (peak 160kW).The objective function of the optimization problem is built upon economic terms of investment, needs of maintenance, operational parameters, current market prices, energy supply and demand, under the potential of the non-guaranteed production of a Renewable Energy System. We also provide comparison scenarios for photoVaic parks and wind turbines, including Pb acid batteries as storage technologies. This thesis provides answers to the following questions: (i) What mature technologies can be combined for a sustainable Hybrid Station on the island of Gavdos, which will be in line with the expectations of the residents. (ii) Why there is a general trend to install wind turbines in a Hybrid Power Station, even if the wind potential may lag behind the solar potential.The mathematical solution for the design of a potentially viable Hybrid Electric Station is done in HOMER Pro software (trial version) and the documentation of the PV regarding their performance and their characteristics, as well as optimization of their placement, is done in the PVSyst software (trial version). The assessment of the viability of the project is implemented in both software packages and their results are compared.Our best solutions suggested to exclude wind turbines. With 100% of RES fraction, we implement PVs of ~700kW. The total cost of the proposed project, in all cases, remains the about €1.4mil. The project time span is set in 20 years. Given that the current production cost of the existing conventional power plant is €700/MWh, the proposed solutions has a repayment period between 2.3 to 9.5 years.

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