Michail Dakanalis, "Frequency support by plug-in electric vehicles charging stations", Diploma Work, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece, 2020
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26233/heallink.tuc.85751
In recent years, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have gained massive popularity and are on a trajectory for continued growth. As a consequence, power systems are facing new issues and challenges threatening the safety and reliability of the grid. PEVs are currently treated as simple loads due to their low penetration in the market. However, as their numbers are growing, PEVs could be potentially exploited as distributed energy storages, providing ancillary services to the power system. Batteries used in PEVs are developed to deliver instantaneous active power, making them an excellent solution for load frequency support. This diploma proposes a fully detailed dynamic model that is able to predict frequency support from a large number of PEVs, using an aggregated equivalent of the battery, with respect to the constraints, reducing the computational time and complexity. The proposed method is applied to the power system of Crete using real battery data and transportation distributions. It is proved that PEVs can effectively suppress frequency fluctuations and improve the overall robustness of the grid, benefiting both the owner and the electric system.