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Συγκριτική μελέτη θερμομεταλλικών πηγών υψηλής και χαμηλής θερμοκρασίας. Παραδείγματα από Κρήτη και τον υπόλοιπο Ελλαδικό χώρο

Bampaniotis Georgios

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Summary

Within this Thesis, a comparative study of the distribution of main elements and trace elements of water samples from two institutionally recognized hydrothermal fields and a historical / traditional therapeutic region of the Greek area was carried out after a first geological approach. The samples for the comparative study and its associations were taken from published papers concerning the areas of Edipsos in northern Evia, Kamena Vourla in the prefecture of Fthiotis in Central Greece and Agios Antonios of the prefecture of Chania in southwestern Crete. These three water abstraction areas are structured with completely different rocks concerning the lithology, origin and age.These rocks despite the penetration of seawater into the costal aquifers, from where the samples were taken, have similarities and differences in the geological background, which are reflected in the hydrochemistry of the water.The main geological similarity that could be recorded is that all samples are found in aquifers located in carbonate rocks of different degrees of metamorphism. The existence of high and low enthalpy waters in the regions of Edipsos and Kamena Vourla automatically refers to aquifers that are affected from geological processes. High enthalpy waters are affected by the local volcanism, which does not affect low enthalpy aquifers in these areas and is completely absent from the waters ofCrete. On the other hand, the existence of gypsum in the wider area that hosts the aquifer in Crete has a decisive impact on the hydrochemistry of water and distinguishes it from other non-gypsum areas.More specifically: The waters of Agios Antonios area are of low temperature (14.2°C – 15.2°C). They are characterized as chlorinated due to their mixing with seawater (Venturi phenomenon) and contain a high concentration of radon.The waters of Edipsos are divided into two groups. The waters of high temperature (43.9°C - 82.2°C) are characterized as chlorinated. They are affected by the existence of the magma chamber located at a depth of 18 km and they also contain radon. The low temperature group in 6 the same area (temperatures from 12.2°C to 23.2°C) displays much lower total dissolved solids. The waters are characterized as calcareous - bicarbonate.The waters of the Kamena Vourla, that were studied are of low enthalpy (temperatures from 29.6°C to 40.4°C). They are characterized as chlorinated, they are highly metallic and also contain high concentrations of radon.Based on the distribution of the main ions, the differences are evident not only in the characterization of the waters between high and low enthalpy areas but also between low enthalpy areas. As it appears from the various comparative concentration diagrams, the factors affecting water chemistry are determined by the set of geological parameters of each area.

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