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Cryogenic manufacturing

Michalopoulos Charalabos

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Summary

Conventional cutting fluids used in modern manufacturing processes increase machining costs, pollute the environment and are a non-sustainable option now. In addition, the high cutting temperatures produced during the machining processes reduce the tool life and as well as the mechanical performance of the machined parts. Over the last few years, research has been focused on environmentally friendly cooling methods for machining which eliminate health risks among operators, increase cutting productivity, improve the mechanical and physical properties of materials and reduce production cost in the long-run.Cryogenic cooling, defined as the production of materials at very low temperatures achieved via the use of cryogenic gases such as liquid nitrogen and carbon dioxide, is an innovative and viable method which can replace all traditional - conventional cooling and lubrication methods completely. Evidence has shown that cryogenic machining reduces the cutting temperature and tool wear while yields better surface finish.Most research on cryogenic cooling has focused on turning of titanium and nickel alloys, steels, ceramics and elastomers. Several studies have also investigated other manufacturing processes such as drilling and milling. The success of cryogenic machining depends on the cutting parameters, tool material as well as the flow rate and mode of feeding the cryogenic fluid to the cutting zone.

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