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Treatment of water produced from oil wells - Processes and technologies

Vallianou-Setta Danai-Evgenia

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Summary

Water produced during oil and gas extraction operations constitutes the industry’s most important waste stream on the basis of quantity. For every single barrel of oil produced, three to nine barrels of water are produced, which can be a useful by-product or even a product for sale. However, due to the increasing volume of produced water all over the world during the current decade, the effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern, because of the undesirable toxic or other substances that pose a threat to the environment and living organisms. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical and biological methods. The overall treatment and management of the produced water is a vital consideration for the oil and gas producers, presenting multiple technical and economic aspects.The water contained in an oil field or a gas field is actually an aquatic mixture containing inorganic salts, oxides, mud, sand etc. All these suspended and diluted substances are brought to the ground level during the extraction process, along with oil and water, as well as other chemical substances (emulsifiers etc.) used during the extraction and the drilling process. The first treatment process taking place after the produced water extraction is typically the separation of the aquatic (inorganic) phase from the organic phase. Subsequent processes involve the removal of undesirable inorganic components so that the treated water may be safely disposed to a natural recipient or recycled.The present thesis, presents the water treatment of the produced water during the oil extraction. Therefore, it analyzes the different technologies which are actually used for an effective initial separation and the secondary treatment of waste waters which are scientifically documented.

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