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Soil functions in earth's critical zone: key results and conclusions

Banwart, Steven A, Bernasconi, Stéphane, Blum Winfried E.H., Maia De Souza Danielle, Chabaux, François, Duffy, Christopher, 1936-, Kercheva, Milena, Krám Pavel, Lair Georg J., Lundin Lars Christer, Menon Manoj, Nikolaidis Nikolaos, Novák Martin J. V., Panagos Panos, Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala, 1954-, Robinson David A., Rousseva Svetla S., Ruiter, Peter ˜deœ 1960-, Van Gaans Pauline F. M., Weng Liping, White Timothy S., Zhang Bin

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URIhttp://purl.tuc.gr/dl/dias/1F31B603-D136-48AD-B763-B4488AC6C814-
Identifierhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211316301249?via%3Dihub-
Identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2016.11.001-
Languageen-
Extent27 pagesen
TitleSoil functions in earth's critical zone: key results and conclusionsen
CreatorBanwart, Steven Aen
CreatorBernasconi, Stéphaneen
CreatorBlum Winfried E.H.en
CreatorMaia De Souza Danielleen
CreatorChabaux, Françoisen
CreatorDuffy, Christopher, 1936-en
CreatorKercheva, Milenaen
CreatorKrám Pavelen
CreatorLair Georg J.en
CreatorLundin Lars Christeren
CreatorMenon Manojen
CreatorNikolaidis Nikolaosen
CreatorΝικολαιδης Νικολαοςel
CreatorNovák Martin J. V.en
CreatorPanagos Panosen
CreatorRagnarsdottir, Kristin Vala, 1954-en
CreatorRobinson David A.en
CreatorRousseva Svetla S.en
CreatorRuiter, Peter ˜deœ 1960-en
CreatorVan Gaans Pauline F. M.en
CreatorWeng Lipingen
CreatorWhite Timothy S.en
CreatorZhang Binen
PublisherElsevieren
Content SummaryThis chapter summarizes the methods, results, and conclusions of a 5-year research project (SoilTrEC: Soil Transformations in European Catchments) on experimentation, process modeling, and computational simulation of soil functions and soil threats across a network of European, Chinese, and United States Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs). The study focused on the soil functions of biomass production, carbon storage, water storage and transmission, water filtration, transformation of nutrients, and maintaining habitat and genetic diversity. The principal results demonstrate that soil functions can be quantified as biophysical flows and transformations of material and energy. The functions can be simulated with mathematical models of soil processes within the soil profile and at the critical zone interfaces with vegetation and atmosphere, surface waters and the below-ground vadose zone and groundwater. A new dynamic model for soil structure development, together with data sets from the CZOs, demonstrate both seasonal fluctuations in soil structure dynamics related to vegetation dynamics and soil carbon inputs, and long-term trends (decadal) in soil carbon storage and soil structure development. Cross-site comparison for 20 soil profiles at seven field sites with variation in soil type, lithology, land cover, land use, and climate demonstrate that sites can be classified, using model parameter values for soil aggregation processes together with climatic conditions and soil physical properties, along a trajectory of soil structure development from incipient soil formation through productive land use to overly intensive land use with soil degradation. A new modeling code, the Integrated Critical Zone model, was applied with parameter sets developed from the CZO site data to simulate the biophysical flows and transformations that quantify multiple soil functions. Process simulations coupled the new model for soil structure dynamics with existing modeling approaches for soil carbon dynamics, nutrient transformations, vegetation dynamics, hydrological flow and transport, and geochemical equilibria and mineral weathering reactions. Successful calibration, testing, and application of the model with data sets from horticulture plot manipulation experiments demonstrate the potential to apply modeling and simulation to the scoping and design of new practices and policy options to enhance soil functions and reduce soil threats worldwide. en
Type of ItemΚεφάλαιο σε Βιβλίοel
Type of ItemBook Chapteren
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
Date of Item2018-07-03-
Date of Publication2017-
SubjectCritical zoneen
SubjectEcosystem servicesen
SubjectSoilen
SubjectSoil functionsen
SubjectWateren
Bibliographic CitationS. A. Banwart, S. M. Bernasconi, W. E. H. Blum, D. M. de Souza, F. Chabaux, C. Duffy, M. Kercheva, P. Krám, G. J. Lair, L. Lundin, M. Menon, N. P. Nikolaidis, M. Novak, P. Panagos, K. V. Ragnarsdottir, D. A. Robinson, S. Rousseva, P. de Ruiter, P. van Gaans, L. Weng, T. White and B. Zhang, "Soil functions in earth's critical zone: key results and conclusions," in Quantifying and Managing Soil Functions in Earth's Critical Zone Combining Experimentation and Mathematical Modelling, vol. 142, Advances in Agronomy, S. A. Banwart, D. Sparks, Eds., Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2017, pp. 1-27. doi: 10.1016/bs.agron.2016.11.001en
Book TitleQuantifying and Managing Soil Functions in Earth's Critical Zone Combining Experimentation and Mathematical Modellingen
Book SeriesAdvances in Agronomyen

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