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Single well tracer test for residual oil estimation

Karimi Masood

Πλήρης Εγγραφή

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Περίληψη

Tracer techniques are a powerful diagnostic tool in numerous Scientific disciplines (Bjornstad et al.,1990; Divine and McDonnell, 2005) and for technologies in many industrial sectors. Tracer tests were first used in the early 1900s in hydrology (Du and Guan, 2005; Guan etal.,2005). Today, these tests are used with increasing frequency in oil field applications (Bingyu et al.,2002; Bjornstad, 1991; Jin et al.,1997) when no other investigation technique is applicable. Tracer tests provide a better understanding of the studied oil reservoir (including inter well connections, connections between layers and heterogeneities) (Coronado and Ramirez-Sabag, 2008; Coronado et al., 2009; Guan and Du, 2004; Manich and et al., 2010; Nugroho and Ardianto, 2010; Sinha e tal., 2004).The Single-well Tracer Test is a test used extensively to measure the S_or (Residual oil) in watered-out reservoirs. Also, it is implemented in order to evaluate enhanced oil recovery (EOR) using chemicals, such as Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer flooding.Single-Well Chemical Tracer (SWTT) tests offer an in-situ method for determining the Residual Oil Saturation (R_OS) of a reservoir that has numerous advantages, compared to more conventional methods such as core analysis and well logging. It can also be used to enhance the understanding of heterogeneity in the subsurface. Over the past 50 years numerous SWCT and IWCT (Inter-Well Chemical Tracer) tests have been conducted in fields around the world. Most of these tests focused on measuring the R_OS as an aid to planning improved oil recovery processes, and to understand the results of these tests. In this work, tracer responses to two different commercial simulators (C.M.G. Stars and Eclipse Schlumberger) are analysed using numerical modelling. Two methods are applied: use of a multi-component reservoir simulation model, with chemical reactions to represent the reactive hydrolysis behaviour of the tracer (C.M.G. Stars); and a simplified approach using tracer tracking in a conventional black oil simulation model (Eclipse, Schlumberger). The models’ results are validated against field data and it is shown that the simulation results are consistent when varying grid thickness and keeping other parameters unchanged. When different rock and fluid properties are introduced, numerous peaks are observed, illustrating delays in tracer arrival times due to flow irreversibility. The reservoir simulation models can be used for forward modelling and sensitivity studies to design SWTT tests, and for interpreting saturation measurements obtained in such tests. They can also be used for other applications, in conjunction with other data sources such as well logs.

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