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Ανάπτυξη καινοτόμων κυψελών καυσίμου άμεσης τροφοδοσίας βιομάζας: η περίπτωση του κρητικού ελαιοπυρήνα

Agathokleous Theofilos

Πλήρης Εγγραφή

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Περίληψη

The global energy problem is one of the major issues of the modern society. Global energy production depends and will continue to depend, at least in the near future, on fossil fuels. It is commonly accepted that despite their harmful nature, the fossil fuels will form the backbone of the global energy production, as long as the technological progress and the high cost of new developed technologies make the massive use of reliable renewable energy sources impossible. To create a sustainable energy environment, the research should focus on energy efficient and environmental friendly innovative technologies, exploiting the existing energy sources that are easily accessible to a large part of the population. Carbon and its subsidiaries, is one of the most abundant and low cost source of energy found on planet earth. Therefore, it is vital to develop procedures that could lead to the utilization of carbon as energy source in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way. Greece will have a significant benefit from the development of such technologies, considering its great lignite deposits. Another potential and conditionally untapped energy resource is the biomass, produced annually from a wide range of human activities. Biomass, given its zero carbon footprint, can be a suitable feedstock for energy production through advanced energy technologies. In this regard, the development of fuel cells is a promising attempt to achieve the above objectives. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) are amongst the most promising technologies for the energy exploitation of solid fuels, due to their high electrical efficiency which often rises up to 80% and their low environmental footprint. The current thesis, presents the first time efforts in Greece towards the use of olive kernel as a solid carbon fuel in direct biomass solid electrolyte fuel cells. Various operational parameters, related to the impact of temperature, carrier gas, catalyst and/or carbonates infusion to the solid feedstock are thoroughly investigated. Conclusions regarding the effect of carbonates and the catalyst in the cell performance were drawn. High cell performance was recorded in the presence of catalyst directly comparable with that obtained in the presence of carbonates alone. The obtained results clearly revealed the potential use of olive kernel in DCFCs towards electricity production.

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