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Resolution of the contaminated soil from petroleum with thermal desorption and geopolymerisation

Leontari Christina

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Summary

Because of the expanded use of petroleum and its products, the presence of contaminated compounds in soil, as total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hudrocarbons, is now a usual phenomenon. The petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs are present in the environment after accidents and leaks during the transfer or the strorage of fuels and other products of crude oil. Because of their lipophilic inclination, hydrocarbons are assimilated in soil, where they can remain or they might be washed off and as a result they contaminate the water tables. For this reason, numerous methods have been developed for the restoration of polluted territories from petroleum pollutants.The present dissertation aims at the resolution of the contaminated soil from petroleum, that came from the area of industrial installations of Aspropirgos (BEA). At first, the sample under consideration was characterized, regarding the humidity, the chemical elements, mineralogical phases, thermogravimetric analysis, etc. Then, the method of thermal desorption applied, which comprehend the heat threatment of the soil (60-250 oC) and times (10, 30 min) for the evaporation of the contained water and the organic pollutants. Finally, as the soil was disengaged from organic pollutants (TPH, PAHs), the method of geopolymerisation was conducted in second stage, which aim at locking-in the inorganic polluted load in solid form with reduced toxicity, compressibility and transmittance for recycling.It emerges from the results that the method of thermal desorption is very efficient for removing petroleum pollutants in the temperature of 250 oC for time desorption 30 min. More specifically, to this temperature, the inclusiveness of TPH decreased in 0,3% w/w, the MMW PAHs developed a percentage of dissociation of 75 % and the HWM PAHs only 95 %. With respect to the method of geopolymerisation, the reduction in effusion of the contained heavy metals in the soil was being achieved, as well as the increase in durability of the final products to mechanical stress. The specimens of geopolymers presented durability to uniaxial compression close to 0,73-9,02 MPa, surpassing 0,414 MPa. This price is defined as the lower in durability of waste in which the method of solidification-stabilization has been applied successfully. Finally, the possibility of implementing them as construction materials, such as ceramic tiles, façade bricks and masonry units is feasible.

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