J. Chatzakis, K. Kalaitzakis , N. Voulgaris , and S. Manias ,
"A New Charge-Discharge Equalization Technique for Series Connected Battery Cells", in Proc. Of European Power Electronics and Drives Association, (EPE'01) Aug, pp. P.1-P.10.
The proposed technique a) provides both charge and discharge equalization and supports batteryoperation even with damaged cells b) ensures a uniform battery cell voltage fall, thus protecting cellsfrom reverse polarization, and c) maximizes the energy delivered by the battery. The operation hasbeen verified both by simulation and by experimental results.