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Quaternary soil- geological stratigraphy in Greece

Manoutsoglou Emmanouil, Mariolakos, Ilias, Nassopoulou ,S, Elfi Van Overloop, Paepe, Roland, 1934-

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Περίληψη

Peloponnesus and Crete are probably offering the best possible standard sections for EasternMediterranean Pleistocene Series. Complete Pleistocene Standard Lithostratigraphic Sections fromSparta (Peloponnesus) and Kandanos (Crete) reveal continuous Pleistocene Land Sequencescomposed of cyclic palaeosol levels interfering with clastic fluvial, eolian (loess) and gravel depositscomparable with analogues found elswhere over the earth. Most suitable for correlation are: a) thestandard loess area of Northern Europe, Russia and China, and b) the subtropical and tropical regionsof Africa and Asia. The standard Greek Pleistocene Lithostratigraphic Sequence independentlyrecorded at both sites (and partially from sites in other regions of Greece) reveal a number of103 palaeosols of both interglacial and interstadial stages, indicating the extreme warm to relativewarm phases of the Pleistocene ice age. This number suits surprisingly well to the 103 levels of theequally warm odd numbered oxygen isotopic stages (OIS) of the Pleistocene deep sea recordwhich equally encompass the warm phases of the Pleistocene.Special attention is given to the Upper Pleistocene of Koroni (Southern Peloponnesus) as a casestudy for the Last Interglacial – Last Glacial Cycle, i.e. the middle term cycle extending in time from127 Ka (thousand years) till 10 Ka or beginning of the Holocene. It stands as a model for the recurrent100 Ka cycles of the long term overall Pleistocene record. Finally, in addition to the Pleistocene,the twenty wet – dry cycles of the Holocene are reviewed.

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