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Virus inactivation in the presence of quartz sand under static and dynamic batch conditions at different temperatures

Chrysikopoulos Constantinos, Andriana F. Aravantinou

Πλήρης Εγγραφή

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Περίληψη

Virus inactivation is one of the most important factors that controls virus fate and transport in thesubsurface. In this study the inactivation of viruses in the presence of quartz sand was examined. The bacteriophagesMS2 and X174 were used as model viruses. Experiments were performed at 4 ◦C and 20 ◦C,under constant controlled conditions, to investigate the effect of virus type, temperature, sand size, andinitial virus concentration on virus inactivation. The experimental virus inactivation data were satisfactorilyrepresented by a pseudo-first order expression with time-dependent rate coefficients. Furthermore,the results indicated that virus inactivation was substantially affected by the ambient temperature andinitial virus concentration. The inactivation rate of MS2 was shown to be greater than that of X174.However, the greatest inactivation was observed for MS2 without the presence of sand, at 20 ◦C. Sandsurfaces offered protection against inactivation especially under static conditions. However, no obviousrelationship between sand particle size and virus inactivation could be established from the experimentaldata. Moreover, the inactivation rates were shown to increase with decreasing virus concentration

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