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Energy management of building with photovoltaic system based on multi-objective optimization

Kotselis Fotios

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Summary

In this thesis, a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) is implemented, powered by both the electricity grid and the photovoltaic systems with battery arrays it comprises. This system undertakes to schedule and automatically activate the devices of a building in a full 24-hour cycle, ensuring that solar energy is utilized in the best possible way, minimizing the cost of purchasing energy from the electricity grid, ensuring its stability, and maintaining the thermal and personal comfort of the users.To carry out this simulation, the building which will be introduced into the system is taken into account, with its structural and energy characteristics. Likewise, the activity and clothing insulation of the users who inhabit it are recorded, as well as the location and day of the year with their corresponding meteorological data, which affect its temperature and the energy production of the photovoltaic panels.At the same time, the consumption and duration of the building's devices, the efficiency and size of the photovoltaic panels and batteries, as well as the variable purchase price from the electricity grid are taken into account.With the above data, which can be changed in each simulation, the system tests and ultimately selects the appropriate hours of the day for the operation of each device - for any of those it is allowed to decide on - calculating the desired time range of the user at any given time, as well as the weight it chooses to give to each unit of optimization. In this way, it achieves a balance between user comfort and energy consumption costs, making the most of its available resources.The optimization results indicated that the utilization of a photovoltaic system in a building with the capability to store surplus energy can lead to a reduction in energy consumption costs ranging from 20.41% to 277%, with the maximum reduction occurring during periods of increased solar energy availability. At the same time, the cost, along with other optimization criteria concerning the user's thermal comfort and the stability of the electrical grid, show improvement with the simultaneous use of the energy management system. Depending on theweight given to the optimization criteria and the time of year, the use of the energy management system can bring about an additional reduction in daily energy costs ranging from 24.71% to 93.6%. Similarly, in scenarios where maximum weight is given to each criterion, the user's thermal comfort can be improved by 41.55% to 100%, and the stability of the electrical grid by 40.77% to 98.2%.

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